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处于危险中的资源—受到威胁的雨林
 内华达州的拉斯维加斯 (Photo by R. Butler)
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写 Rhett Butler. 翻译 Che Fei
07/12/2007
消费
被西方国家的消费误导是造成热带国家雨林被破坏的原因之一.举个例子,在1970-1980年代美国队便宜牛肉的需求触发了中美洲国家和巴西大范围的雨林清理行动.类似的,对特定雨林的产物如热带硬木和廉价的刨花板给公司开采森林储备带来动力.日本每年都将数千英亩的热带雨林转变成水泥块的木头框架（在水泥干了之后就被丢弃）和筷子.用于饲养欧洲牛的泰国木薯在1965年到1980年代中期增长了不止十倍,这导致了泰国东北部大量的森林被毁.
占世界20%的富裕国家消耗着86%的世界资源,而在底部的20%的国家消耗的仅为1.3%.在发达国家大量的能源被使用和浪费,也就是发达国家的每一个人对全球环境的影响要远大于发展中国家的一个人.英国的一个孩子产生的二氧化碳和污染要等同于孟加拉国30个孩子一年的产量,因此,发达国家在1990年代增加的5800万的人口要比发展中国家在同一时期9亿1500万的污染还重.也就是说,在目前的消费模式下,美国过剩的人口(人口增长率大约在1%)要比安哥拉过剩的人口(人口增长率为3.7)给地球环境带来更大的威胁.
结论
世界的热带雨林受到为了短期经济开发他们的资源以及农村贫困压力的威胁.这些短期的需求会引起目前无法预知的长期的代价.因为它看起来是比较容易而且在短期内清理森林是更加经济的,但这是以损害我们未来的生活质量为代价的.我们行为造成的的结果是下一章我们关注的焦点.
复习题:
[打印版]
续: 为什么说雨林是非常重要的?
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