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处于危险中的资源—受到威胁的雨林
 秘鲁亚马逊雨林中刀耕火种的农业. (Photo by R. Butler)
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写 Rhett Butler. 翻译 Che Fei
07/12/2007
债务
在1980年代,1990年代还有2000年代,债务导致一些热带地区的发展中国家商业毁林.由于缺乏现金,这些国家转向他们的自然资源,这成为支付债务和利息的最快捷最容易的方式.由于没有很快的现成资金的投入和技术工人,而且是不可再生的,这些森林资源如丰富的矿藏,木材,石油还有水电都被用于结算来提高所需的资金.
| 重债穷国(HIPCs)
| 国家 | | 外国债务
(百万) | | 数据
信息 |
| 贝宁 | | $1.600 | | 2000 |
| 玻利维亚 | | $5.439 | | June 2004 est. |
| 布吉纳法索 | | $1.300 | | 2000 |
| 布隆迪 | | $1.133 | | 2002 |
| 喀麦隆 | | $8.460 | | 2004 est. |
| 乍得 | | $1.100 | | 2000 est. |
| 刚果人民共和国 | | $11.600 | | 2000 est. |
| 刚果 | | $5.000 | | 2000 est. |
| 科特迪瓦 | | $11.810 | | 2004 est. |
| 埃塞俄比亚 | | $2.900 | | 2001 est. |
| 冈比亚 | | $0.476 | | 2001 est. |
| 加纳 | | $7.396 | | 2004 est. |
| 几内亚 | | $3.250 | | 2001 est. |
| 几内亚比绍 | | $0.942 | | 2000 est. |
| 圭亚那 | | $1.200 | | 2002 |
| 洪都拉斯 | | $5.365 | | Sept 2004 est. |
| 肯尼亚 | | $6.792 | | 2004 est. |
| 马达加斯加 | | $4.600 | | 2002 |
| 马拉维 | | $3.129 | | 2004 est. |
| 马里 | | $3.300 | | 2000 |
| 毛里塔尼亚 | | $2.500 | | 2000 |
| 莫桑比克 | | $0.966 | | 2002 est. |
| 尼加拉瓜 | | $4.573 | | 2004 est. |
| 尼日尔 | | $1.600 | | 1999 est. |
| 卢旺达 | | $1.300 | | 2000 est. |
| 圣多美和普林西比 | | $0.318 | | 2002 |
| 塞内加尔 | | $3.476 | | 2004 est. |
| 塞拉里昂 | | $1.500 | | 2002 est. |
| 坦桑尼亚 | | $7.321 | | 2004 est. |
| 乌干达 | | $3.865 | | 2004 est. |
| 也门 | | $5.400 | | 2004 est. |
| 赞比亚 | | $5.353 | | 2004 est. |
| 来源: CIA World Factbook | | |
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虽然(世界银行 / 与国际货币基金组织)在过去的一些年里一直设法减免世界上最穷国家的债务,但是偿还债务仍然是造成各国政府非理性的追求和利用自然资源的主要因素.
国际债务的起源是多种多样的,但是许多的借款都发生在1970年代,他们试图抵消石油价格的上涨并促使他们的经济得到增长.其他的债务是由于为了独立的斗争或者发生的内战.债务的增加以及腐败的统治,高压的政府通常用贷款去购买武器或者经济浪费,或者去做那些即不对广大人民、经济造成利益,也不对环境有利的构想拙劣的工程. 高的利息率加上全球经济的衰退使得发展中国家支付债务更加困难.
从历史上看,大部分流入这些国家的援助来自于多边贷款机构像世界银行和国际货币基金组织,造成了雨林的破坏,这些确保了未来的贫困和对援助的依赖.这些组织资助这些项目是因为他们更适合这种大的项目,而且这些项目被选择的首要条件是基于这些倒塌的经济能够能够快速恢复,而并不是必须有长期的增长前景.
发展中国家的债务还在增长.热带森林国家的债务大概占了发展中国家世界债务的三分之二.举个例子,在撒哈拉以南的非洲,在1980年总共的债务到达了840亿美元,尽管在不断的发展不断的融资,到了2001年的早期债务都已达到了2750亿美元,.
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续:人口& 贫困
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