|
森林的河流
 Turucui大坝和巴西被破坏森林的卫星图片. (图片来自于DigitalEarth)
|
写 Rhett Butler. 翻译 Che Fei
07/12/2007
热带河流和湖泊面临的威胁
热带森林的水流如今受到了水利工程的威胁,削减了森林面积,总的鱼量还有来自石油的有毒物质和遗漏的化学物.这些水质恶化造成的影响是广泛的,包括对全球生态,环境以及当地人民的影响.亚马逊的大坝
|  巴西 Manaus 外面的Balbina大坝
Balbina 大坝完成的时候接纳了2400平方公里（920平方英里）的雨林洪水.Phillip Fearnside,一位研究亚马逊的专家,计算得出在大坝建成的前3年,Balbina 贮藏释放了23,750,000顿的二氧化碳和140,000 吨的甲烷,这些都是导致全球气候变化的温室气体. |
对能源需求的增长使世界的河流处于一个危险的阶段. 水利工程应该为雨林大面积的洪水负责.腐烂的森林树木为全球变暖贡献了大量的温室气体.这些洪水意为着陆地的物种,包括人类,都需要迁移到一个新的地区这通常导致了更多的森林被砍伐.鱼种必须适应河边的环境和湖的条件,否则会导致灭亡.水坝打乱了许多物种向下游或上游区产卵的规律.
侵蚀是一种由于砍伐森林对河流物质的交换以及水生生物造成的严重后果. 沉淀物形成在在河流运输的沙子栅栏处和浅水区.类似的是沉淀物的形成较少了水利工程的效果.侵蚀和水体清晰度的下降造成了下流近海区域 珊瑚礁的混乱.河流的居住者也承受着水体清晰度下降的痛苦.由于增加的大量悬浮颗粒物影响了鱼类的腮,造成了大多数的物种视力下降.给水生植物的生长造车了侵蚀而且对鱼卵的发育也造成了障碍.
过度的捕鱼给 世界海洋生物 (有35-60%的世界海域是过度捕捞的)和 淡水生物造成了极大的痛苦.在亚马逊流域普遍报道了捕猎区域的下降.大量担负种子传播的特定生物的丧失对雨林的延续造成了很大的消极后果.
矿业工业过程中毒物的溢出和污染, 还有污水的排放减少了雨林水样的多样性,另外对人口的数量造成了影响.大量报道的关于埃塞奎博河的泄漏事件指的是秘鲁和厄瓜多尔一直泄漏的石油 事件,这对河流生物造成了很大的影响.
一些研究水银对水中居住生物影响的文章(亚马逊经常有些矿业生产造成的水银污染).
复习题:
- 雨林河流处在什么样的威胁之下?
- 水坝是如何影响全球变暖的?
- 为什么大坝对当地的鱼类是有害的?
[打印版]
续: 雨林中的人类
|
|
 |
|
404 Error: Page Not Found
|
|
|
 |
|
|
|
APOLOGIES, BUT THIS PAGE IS NO LONGER AVAILABLE
RAINFOREST INFORMATION
FOR KIDS
TROPICAL FISH
DATA
|
Data aggregations found on mongabay.com
Deforestation figures for selected countries: deforestation statistics for more than 200 countries worldwide. Figures come from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Country statistics: Other country-specific statistics including land area, human, population, economic indicators, and environmental conditions. Figures come from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
AIDS Statistics: for selected countries. From the U.S. Census Bureau.
2005 city population estimates for the world: proprietary population estimates for more than 10,000 cities.
World's Largest Cities by Country
United States Zip Codes: proprietary aggregation of U.S. postal codes.
World's Largest Cities by Country
Countries and Capitals
World's Largest Cities
World's Largest Urban Areas
World Population Projections - 2002, 2010, 2015, 2020: United Nations projections.
World Population Projections: United Nations projections for individual cities.
Country studies: Text excerpted from on-line versions of books previously published in hard copy by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress under the Country Studies/Area Handbook Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Army.
Occupations in the United States: By job title. Includes job description and overview, number of people employed in a given occupation, and other data.
Occupations in the United States: Comparison statistics by job title for cities in the US. For a given city, includes number of people employed in an occupation and salary data.
Regional Occupational Data for the United States: By city. For a specific city, includes the number of people employed in a given occupation and salary figures.
Tax Data for the United States
World's Largest Countries by Land Area
World's Largest Countries by Population
|
|
XML / RSS / Syndication options
There are three XML feeds for mongabay.com
|
|
|
MONGABAY.COM
Mongabay.com seeks to raise interest in and appreciation of wildlands and wildlife, while examining the impact of emerging local and global trends in technology, economics, and finance on conservation and
development >>
|
|
