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"液体"森林
 巴西潘塔诺地区的凯门鳄. (Photo by R. Butler)
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写 Rhett Butler. 翻译 Che Fei
07/12/2007
雨林河岸的野生动植物
河岸植被
在森林里你将发现没有多少河岸植物.它们往往类似于能良好生长在有着强烈阳光的空旷地方的间隙殖民者和边缘物种.河岸植物种类不是很多，河边上长满了蔓生植物，它们缠绕着树，充分利用着雨林中充足的阳光.从很大程度上，这种茂密植被的存在是亚马逊河的早期探险家之所以称雨林为难以渗透的丛林的原因;
会被周期性淹没的 漫滩森林是与生活在排水良好的土壤中的陆地菲尔梅森林有很大不同的.由于漫滩森林周转率比较高，所以它里面的树种多样性较差，冠层也不够发达.海岛森林典型地由这种森林组成.在亚马逊河，漫滩森林果树密度很大，从而吸引了很多哺乳动物的到来.
动物生活
许多陆地动物依靠雨林的水域生存，一些专门沿着河边、湖边活动.
沿着雨林的水路会发现大量的爬行动物.蜥蜴，其中包括水龙(澳大利亚)，monitors (非洲、亚洲和澳大利亚),鬣蜥(新世界)和其他的种类都是很普遍的.最有趣的一种要属新世界的蛇怪蜥蜴.这种蜥蜴，即有名的耶稣圣诞蜥,它能利用长长地脚趾和尾巴在水面上奔跑很长地距离.来雨林参观地任何一位游客都会享受在海滩上追逐这些蜥蜴并观看它们大步逃离水面的精彩时刻.
世界上最大的蛇，旧世界的蟒蛇和新世界的水蟒，也是生活在水路沿岸。它们会吃一些来河边饮水的大猎物.各种各样的鳄鱼，广泛分布在世界各地,但给人深刻印象的则是澳大利亚和新几内亚的咸水鳄鱼,它会不经意的袭击人类，这一点是很有名的.这些生活在海里、咸水及淡水环境中的大鳄鱼长达20多英尺.
由于河边有着大量的鱼、昆虫和蔓生植物结出的果实，因此这里的鸟类生活也是很丰富的.一个很有趣的现象是，金刚鹦鹉聚集在亚马逊河上游河岸的岩壁上，它通过舔食河边含矿物的泥土来解毒它们体内蓄积的由于食用果实而带来的毒素.对于雨林鸟类观察家来说，河边是最好的地方了,因为这里完全开放，而且鸟类生活太丰富了.
在河岸还会发现哺乳动物.在河边看到最多的就是在猎食和捕鱼的美洲虎了.还有就是南美的大水獭.它没有天敌，捕食很讲究效率，但由于人类的过度捕杀，数量越来越少了。现在仅可在人迹罕至的地方可以发现它的踪迹.
复习题:
[打印版]
续: 雨林河流对人的重要性
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