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世界热带雨林
 婆罗洲岛热带雨林
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写 Rhett Butler. 翻译 Che Fei
07/12/2007
第一章:
全世界的热带雨林
热带雨林是一个世间稀有的奇特世界，他们对全球生态系统和人类存在的重要性是最高的.热带雨林是一个天然的遗传多样性储藏库，在生态多样性方面它是空前的，它向人类提供了丰富的药用植物资源，高产量的食物和无数其他有用的森林产物. 它们是重要的迁徙动物栖息地并且维持了地球上多达50%的物种，以及大量的多种多样独一无二的土著文化.热带雨林除了维持正常降雨外，在调节全球气候方面也起着重要的作用，同时缓解了洪涝、干旱和侵蚀等灾害的发生。它们储存着大量的碳，同时制造了全世界相当数量的氧气.
尽管起着巨大的作用，但是他们仅仅分布在赤道附近北纬22.5度到南纬22.5度之间的一小块陆地区域，或者也可以说位于南北回归线之间。由于地球上的大部分陆地位于热带地区北部，因此热带雨林自然地分布在一个相对狭小的区域.
在21世纪，和许多其他的自然场所一样，热带雨林是一种稀缺的资源。在五代以前地球被大面积的森林、沼泽、沙漠和草原所覆盖，现在已经减少为一些零散的碎片了；今天，世界上超过三分之二的热带雨林如同一些遗留的碎片一样存在着。就在几千年以前，热带雨林覆盖了地球陆地表面的多达12%的面积，大约600万平方英里（155万平方公里），但是现在只有不到百分之五的地球陆地被这些热带森林覆盖（大约241万平方英里，或者说6.25亿公顷）。在南美的亚马逊河流域发现了最大的未被破坏的热带雨林带。这片森林一半以上位于拥有全世界剩余热带雨林三分之一的巴西。剩余的热带雨林有百分之二十分布在印度尼西亚和刚果盆地，其他的都零散的分布在地球上的热带地区.
全球热带雨林大概按四个森林陆地区分为四个生物地理区：埃塞俄比亚或者非洲区，澳大拉西亚或者澳洲区，东方或者印度-马来亚/亚洲区和新热带区
各生物地理区的热带雨林分布
| 区 | 世界雨林的
分布比例 | 百万
平方英里 | 百万
公顷 |
| 埃塞俄比亚/非洲区 | 30.0% | 0.72 | 187.5 |
| 澳大拉西亚 | 9.0% | 0.22 | 56.3 |
| 东方或者印度-马来亚 | 16.0% | 0.39 | 100.0 |
| 新热带 | 45.0% | 1.08 | 281.2 |
| 总和 | | 2.41 | 625.0 |
复习题:
- 热带雨林位于什么地方?
- 热带雨林覆盖了多少陆地面积?
- 地球上被热带雨林所覆盖的比例是多少?
- 有多少热带雨林区?
- 什么生物地理区有最多的热带雨林?
- 对或错-不到5%的地球陆地面积被人带雨林所覆盖.
[打印版]
续: 生物地理林区
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